The Approach of the Major World Religions to Economics and Development

Muhsin Halis / Ayhan Hira / Ahmet Faruk Göksün

Abstract: Religion generally encompasses a set of shared beliefs and practices held by a group of people, as well as cultural traditions, history and mythology. Early economic writings treated religion as an exogenous factor. Later, various theories were put forward to explain the links between religion and development. The rational choice approach sees the flexibility of religion as a rational economic response to changes in the political and economic environment in which religions operate. In addition, approaches that include belief in family, social networks and other elements also determine the relationship between religion and the economy. Previous research on the determinants of economic growth has generally neglected the impact of religion. To fill this gap, it is noteworthy to examine the impact of religious practices and beliefs on economic growth from the perspective of religion on economic activity. The aim of this article is to shed light on the relationship between the state, religion and the economy based on the literature.

Keywords: Capitalism, Religion and economy, Religion and economy development, Islam and eco-nomy, Christianity and economy

Muhsin Halis / Ayhan Hira / Ahmet Faruk Göksün
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1363864
Year 11, Issue 37, Winter 2024


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The Relationship between Economic Development and Human Development: An Empirical Analysis on Fragile Five Countries

Çağlar Ozan Gönüllü

Abstract: The concept of development, especially for developing countries, is too important a concept to be narrowed down to include only economic development. Recent literature have concluded that should be focused on human development for sustainable economic development. Determining the factors and relationships affecting development is important in terms of shedding light on the problems of countries that want to achieve sustainable development goal and suggesting solutions. In this study, the relations between two dimensions of development, economic development and human development, were examined. The dependent variables of the study, which covers 32 years between 1990 and 2021, representing human development are Life Expectancy (YS), Education Period (ES) and Gender Inequality Index (CEE). The variable representing economic development is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. After the data were subjected to homogeneity, cross-section dependence, and unit root tests, economic development-human development relations were investigated with the Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test. According to the test results, the relationship between YS and GDP is statistically insignificant, while the ES and CEE’s relationship with GDP is statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval (p<.05).

Keywords: Economic development, Human development, Fragile Five, UNDP, Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test

Çağlar Ozan Gönüllü
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1368996
Year 11, Issue 37, Winter 2024


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Human Capital, Physical Capital, Economic Complexity, and Economic Growth Nexus in Türkiye: New Evidence from Bootstrap Fourier Granger Causality in Quantiles Approach

Tunahan Hacıimamoğlu / Oğuzhan Sungur

Abstract: Economic development is an important indicator demonstrating the increases in societies’ socioeconomic welfare levels. Countries need to advance in economic, social, cultural, and political domains in order to achieve economic development. From this aspect, Türkiye is far from having a developed country profile at this moment. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess Türkiye’s development issues. For this purpose, the effects of human capital, physical capital, and economic complexity index on economic growth in Türkiye are analyzed for the period 1970-2017 using the bootstrap Fourier Granger causality in quantiles (BFGC-Q) approach recently recommended by Cheng et al. (2021). The results of the analysis indicate that human capital, physical capital, and economic complexity index have a positive causal effect on economic growth. For sustainable development, Türkiye needs foreign capital investments in a stable economic model. Furthermore, it is recommended that Türkiye should pay importance to education, science, and technology at both theoretical and practical levels, and increase the value-added and technology level in exports by diversifying its high-tech product range.

Keywords: Human capital, Physical capital, Economic complexity, Economic development, Causality

Tunahan Hacıimamoğlu / Oğuzhan Sungur
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1189607
Year 11, Issue 37, Winter 2024


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69 Downloads


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The Matryoshka of Blockchain in the Shadow of Conceptual Confusion: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Web 3.0 and Metaverse

İbrahim Sena Arvas / Rabia Zamur Tuncer

Abstract: To understand what changes Metaverse technology has made in people’s lives, we have to understand that this concept is not specific to Web 2.0, but to Web 3.0, which is still under construction. This is the only way to make the assessments that will be made about the Metaverse compatible with the technological advances of the day. This is why most of the academic studies on the Metaverse, particularly in the field of social sciences, have failed to go further than possibilities, expectations, and wishes. We need to explore the aforementioned concept of Web 3.0 to explain the Metaverse concept in a little more detail. There is growing confusion in the literature over how to define the concept. This study first conducted a literature review to investigate the causes of this confusion. It then examined the factors related to the characteristics of the technological developments concerning the interrelated concepts of Bitcoin, blockchain, Web 3.0, and the Metaverse. This study aims to explain the new concepts surrounding Web 3.0 and give an idea about the future of a still-nascent medium such as the Metaverse.

Keywords: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Web 3.0, Ethereum, Metaverse

İbrahim Sena Arvas / Rabia Zamur Tuncer
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1274819
Year 10, Issue 36, Summer 2023


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An Evaluation of the Use of Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Metaverse in the Context of Health, Gaming, Marketing and Advertising Sectors?

Zaliha İnci Karabacak

Abstract: Metaverse is a collection of fictional virtual universes that offer different experiences in all areas of life to users represented by artificial intelligence, blockchain, extended reality technologies, Web 3.0 infrastructure and Avatars. From an economic perspective, Metaverse offers virtual economy, new business models, current health applications, new products, a new marketing and advertising channel. The study is a descriptive review based on the current literature review evaluating the use of Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Metaverse in terms of health, gaming, marketing and advertising, which are prominent sectors in this field. In the national and international literature, the advantages of using Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Metaverse in different sectors, as well as the disadvantages, are discussed. Various advantages that come to the fore in the context of Metaverse in the studies (continuous interaction, movement action with avatar, meta-medicine, biological participation, continuous and instructive user experience, etc.), but the most frequently highlighted disadvantages are privacy and cybersecurity.

Keywords: Metaverse, Brain-Computer interfaces, Health, Game, Marketing, Advertising

Zaliha İnci Karabacak
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1283933
Year 10, Issue 36, Summer 2023


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From Metaphysics to Metaverse: Is the Virtual Age a New Middle Age?

Murat Bahadır

Abstract: Throughout history, man has aimed to improve his environment and himself. In this process, every age shaped by the knowledge and technologies acquired by man has been described as dark or light according to the characteristics they exhibit. In these characterizations, reaching or not reaching the ideals that people desire has been effective. At the point reached today, the disappointment caused by failing to develop himself and the environment he lives in with his own mind effectively shapes the virtual age that people are on the threshold of. In this context, the study aims to discuss whether the virtual age has the potential to turn into a new dark age waiting for humanity in line with its similarities with the Middle Ages. For this purpose, in this study, in which the method of comparing the features that characterize the Middle Ages and the virtual age is used, the similarities established between the two eras are as follows: It replaces metaphysics by the Metaverse universe, the sinful human being replaced by the imperfect human, the disconnection with the past culture and the monopolization of knowledge. In the context of these similarities established with an original point of view, in the conclusion part of the study, the attitude that should be taken against the dangers that await people in the virtual age is discussed.

Keywords: Virtual age, Metaverse, Middle Ages, Artificial intelligence, Inbot

Murat Bahadır
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1277808
Year 10, Issue 36, Summer 2023


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Industrialization of Sustainability, Upcycling of Capitalism and Postdigital Sustainability

Derya Nil Budak

Abstract: Sustainability is the fundamental problem of advanced capitalist societies. The progress of capitalism also continues in the focus of people and the planet. Advanced capitalism, which wants to surpass the physical world, produces commodities that can reproduce themselves through digitalization in its system. The postdigital age marks the new stage in which the digital commodities of advanced capitalism surround the physical world with all its dimensions and are intertwined with the physical world. This study offers a new term derived from the concepts of “postdigital” and “sustainability” in evaluating the relationship between the sustainability of physical and digital universes and advanced capitalism. It also aims to describe the sustainable transformation of capitalism and the transformation of sustainability into an industry through a case in the context of the “postdigital sustainability” conceptualization and postdigital theory. For this purpose, the digital upcycling project, prepared by artificial intelligence Tilda in a sustainable way with digital and physical waste and launched on Metaverse on World Environment Day, was examined by descriptive analysis. This study will contribute to the field by giving a new perspective on the postdigital condition of humans, society, and nature problems.

Keywords: Postdigital, Sustainability, Upcycling, Metaverse, Postmodernism

Derya Nil Budak
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1283999
Year 10, Issue 36, Summer 2023


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From Pandemic to Metaverse: The Rise and Risks of Data-Driven Society

Zübeyde Demircioğlu

Abstract: Recent advances in technology are changing the way we interact with the physical world, and digital transformation is accelerating this process even further. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has also taken digitalization one step further by enabling convergence of the physical and digital, promoting the centralization of data. The Metaverse, as the current ultimate state of digital transformation, has emerged with the mission of bringing on the digital experience of time and space in a way closer to the physical world by eliminating the contradictions between the virtual and physical worlds. Furthermore, at the center of this new universe of reality underlies a data-driven approach that allows user behavior become knowable, predictable, and even controllable, bringing the daily life experience down to procedures and calculations. In this regard, this study argues that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the rise of digitalization and data-centricity as a mindset that paved the way for the Metaverse, and that the data-centric understanding of the Metaverse will deepen ethical issues such as privacy, surveillance and control.

Keywords: Digitalization, Datafication, COVID-19 pandemic, Metaverse, Surveillance, Privacy

Zübeyde Demircioğlu
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1283746
Year 10, Issue 36, Summer 2023


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The Post-Pandemic “New Normal” in the Labor Market; Hybrid Work and Work-Life Balance

Doğa Başar Sarıipek / Gökçe Cerev / Emine Elif Ayhan

Abstract: Especially last two years of our lives have passed under the influence of a virus. With the rapid spread of this virus, a pandemic period has occured all over the world. As a result of death cases, quarantine and isolation perocesses were experienced. It has been announced that the number of people who have died since the begining of the pandemic has been very high. Although humanity has made progress in many areas, it remains helpless in the face of disease and epidemic. This epidemic situation affects the society negatively in many ways. One of the negative aspects of the pandemic is the concept of uncertainty. People are affected by uncertain situations in their lives and show intolerance on uncertainty. Emotional, cognitive and behavioral reactions to situations created by uncertainty are explained as intolerance of uncertainty. In this study, it is aimed to draw attention to the importance of intervention programs by emphasizing the negative reflections of the psychological effects of intolerance of uncertainty in the pandemic process on the society after the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19, Post-pandemic, Uncertainty, Intolerance of uncertainty, Society

Doğa Başar Sarıipek / Gökçe Cerev / Emine Elif Ayhan
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1189607
Year 10, Issue 35, Winter 2023


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Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed Turkey’s Performance Against The OECD in Regards to Green Growth Indicators?

Melike Atay Polat / Suzan Ergün

Abstract: Pandemics cause societies to change in many ways, including political, economic, social, cultural and environmental. The possible effects of these changes are the decrease in production and consumption, decrease in income, increase in unemployment, decrease in trade, decrease in energy demand and environmental pollution. Depending on the development level of the countries, countries may be affected differently from these developments. The COVID-19 pandemic has also significantly affected the global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect the Turkish economy. The aim of this study is to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on Turkey’s green growth performance against the OECD by applying cluster analysis. Cluster analysis findings using 46 green growth indicators showed that the country group including Turkey changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. While Turkey was in the same group with countries such as Chile and Colombia before the pandemic, it started to be in the same group with countries such as Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Australia, Luxemburg and Finland, which have significant renewable energy potential that contributes to the improvement of environmental quality after the pandemic.

Keywords: Green Growth, COVID-19, Pandemic, OECD, Cluster analysis

Melike Atay Polat / Suzan Ergün
DOI: 10.29224/insanveinsan.1185722
Year 10, Issue 35, Winter 2023


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241 Downloads


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